Umgomo oyisisekelo womklamo wesikrini esibonisiwe esiholayo esitimeleni esingaphansi komhlaba
Umgomo oyisisekelo wokuklama wesikrini sokubonisa esiholwa ngaphansi komhlaba;Njengetheminali yokubonisa ulwazi olusesidlangalaleni esitimeleni esingaphansi komhlaba, isibonisi esiholwa ngaphakathi sinenani elibanzi kakhulu lenani lendawo nelokuhweba.
Njengamanje, izimoto ezihamba ngaphansi komhlaba ezisebenza e-china ngokuvamile zifakwe isibonisi esine-LED esingaphakathi, kodwa kunemisebenzi embalwa eyengeziwe kanye nokuqukethwe okuboniswa kwesikrini esisodwa.Ukuze sisebenzisane nokusetshenziswa kohlelo olusha lolwazi lwabagibeli be-metro, siklame isikrini esisha esishintshashintshayo se-LED ye-multibus metro.
Isikrini esibonisiwe asinakho nje kuphela ukuxhumana kwamabhasi amaningi ekuxhumaneni kwangaphandle, kodwa futhi samukela ibhasi elilodwa kanye nemishini yebhasi ye-I2C kumklamo wesekethe yokulawula yangaphakathi.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zeIzikrini ze-LEDesitimeleni esingaphansi komhlaba: eyodwa ibekwe ngaphandle kwenqola ukuze kuboniswe ingxenye yesitimela esigijimayo, indlela esigijima ngayo kanye negama lesiteshi samanje, elihambisana nesiShayina nesiNgisi;Olunye ulwazi lwesevisi lungabuye luvezwe ngokwezidingo zokusebenza;Isibonisi sombhalo singaba simile, siskrole, sihumushe, impophoma, ukugqwayiza neminye imithelela, futhi inombolo yezinhlamvu ezibonisiwe yizinhlamvu ze-matrix zamachashazi angu-16 × 12 16.Enye i-terminal LED display yangaphakathi, ebekwe esitimeleni.Isibonisi se-LED esingaphakathi endlini singasetha kusengaphambili itheminali ngokwezidingo zokusebenza kwesitimela, futhi sibonise itheminali yamanje ngesikhathi sangempela, kanye nezinga lokushisa lamanje esitimeleni, elinezinhlamvu ezingu-16 × eziyisishiyagalombili ze-matrix yamachashazi ayi-16.
Ukwakhiwa kwesistimu
Isikrini sesistimu yesibonisi se-LED sakhiwe iyunithi yokulawula ye-microcomputer ye-single-chip kanye neyunithi yokubonisa.Iyunithi yokubonisa eyodwa ingabonisa izinhlamvu zesiShayina ezingu-16 × 16.Uma usayizi othile wesistimu yokubonisa isithombe se-LED ekhiqizwa, ingabonakala ngokusebenzisa amayunithi wokubonisa amaningana ahlakaniphile kanye nendlela "yokwakha amabhulokhi".Ukuxhumana kwe-serial kusetshenziswa phakathi kwamayunithi wokubonisa ohlelweni.Ngaphezu kokulawula iyunithi yokubonisa nokudlulisa imiyalelo namasignali ekhompuyutha engenhla, iyunithi yokulawula iphinde ishumekwe nenzwa eyodwa yokushisa yedijithali yebhasi engu-18B20.Ngenxa yedizayini yemojuli yesekethe yokulawula, uma kunezidingo zokulinganisa umswakama, i-18b20 ingathuthukiswa ibe yimojula yesifunda esakhiwe i-DS2438 evela e-Dallas kanye ne-HIH23610 evela ku-HoneywELL.Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuxhumana zemoto yonke, ibhasi le-CAN lisetshenziselwa ukuxhumana phakathi kwekhompyutha ephezulu kanye neyunithi yokulawula ngayinye emotweni.
i-hardware design
Iyunithi yokubonisa yakhiwe iphaneli yokubonisa ye-LED kanye nesifunda sokubonisa.Ibhodi leyunithi yokubonisa ye-LED linamamojula angu-4 we-matrix yamachashazi × iyunithi yokubonisa ehlakaniphile yamachashazi angu-64, iyunithi yokubonisa eyodwa ingabonisa izinhlamvu zamachashazi angu-4 16 × 16 we-matrix yesiShayina noma izimpawu.Ukuxhumana kwe-serial kusetshenziswa phakathi kwamayunithi okubonisa ohlelweni, ukuze umsebenzi wesistimu yonke uhlanganiswe futhi ubumbene.Isekethe yesibonisi iqukethe amachweba amabili wekhebula amaphinikhodi ayi-16, abashayeli bamabhasi ababili be-74H245 tristate, i-74HC04D inverter eyodwa eyisithupha, amadekhoda amabili angu-74H138 ayisishiyagalombili kanye nama-shift latches angu-74HC595.Umnyombo wesekethe yokulawula i-microcontroller 77E58 enesivinini esikhulu se-WINBOND, futhi ifrikhwensi yekristalu ingu-24MHz AT29C020A iyi-256K ROM yokugcina umtapo wezincwadi wezinhlamvu zesiShayina we-16 × 16 dot kanye nethebula lekhodi ye-ASCII yamachashazi angu-16 × 8.I-AT24C020 i-EP2ROM esekelwe ku-I2C yebhasi ewuchungechunge, egcina izitatimende esethiwe, njengamagama esiteshi esingaphansi komhlaba, izibingelelo, njll. Izinga lokushisa emotweni likalwa ngenzwa yokushisa yedijithali yebhasi eyodwa engu-18b20.I-SJA1000 ne-TJA1040 izilawuli zebhasi ze-CAN kanye ne-transceiver ngokulandelana.
Idizayini yeyunithi yesifunda yokulawula
Lonke uhlelo luthatha i-microcontroller engu-77E58 ye-Winbond njengomongo.I-77E58 yamukela i-microprocessor core eklanywe kabusha, futhi imiyalelo yayo iyahambisana nochungechunge lwe-51.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi umjikelezo wewashi uyimijikelezo emi-4 kuphela, isivinini salo sokugijima ngokuvamile siphakeme ngokuphindwe ka-2 ~ 3 kune-8051 evamile ngefrikhwensi yewashi efanayo.Ngakho-ke, izidingo zemvamisa ye-microcontroller ekubonisweni okuguquguqukayo kwezinhlamvu ezinkulu zesiShayina zixazululwa kahle, futhi i-watchdog nayo inikezwa.I-77E58 ilawula inkumbulo ye-flash AT29C020 ngokusebenzisa i-latch 74LS373, enosayizi ongu-256K.Njengoba umthamo wememori mkhulu kuno-64K, umklamo wamukela indlela yokubhala ikheli, okungukuthi, i-P1.1 ne-P1.2 isetshenziselwa ukukhetha amakhasi ememori ye-flash, ehlukaniswe ngamakhasi amane.Usayizi wamakheli wekhasi ngalinye ngu-64K.Ngokungeziwe ekukhetheni ama-chips e-AT29C020, i-P1.5 iqinisekisa ukuthi i-P1.1 ne-P1.2 ngeke zibangele ukusetshenziswa kabi kwe-AT29C020 uma ziphinda zisetshenziswa kusixhumi esibonakalayo sekhebula lamaphini angu-16.Isilawuli se-CAN siyingxenye ebalulekile yokuxhumana.Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhono lokulwa nokuphazamiseka, i-6N137 high-speed optocouupler yengezwa phakathi kwesilawuli se-CAN SJA1000 kanye ne-CAN transceiver TJA1040.I-microcontroller ikhetha isilawuli se-CAN SJA1000 chip nge-P3.0.I-18B20 iyidivayisi yebhasi eyodwa.Idinga kuphela imbobo ye-I/O eyodwa yokuxhumana phakathi kwedivayisi nesilawuli esincane.Ingakwazi ukuguqula izinga lokushisa ngokuqondile libe isignali yedijithali futhi ilikhiphe ngokulandelana ngemodi yekhodi yedijithali engu-9-bit.I-P1.4 ikhethwa kumjikelezo wokulawula ukuze kuqedelwe ukukhethwa kwe-chip nemisebenzi yokudlulisa idatha engu-18B20.Ikhebula lewashi le-SCL kanye nekhebula ledatha le-bidirectional ye-SDA ye-AT24C020 ngokulandelanayo ixhunywe ku-P1.6 ne-P1.7.16 yephinikhodi ye-flat wire interfaces yesilawuli esincane, okuyizingxenye zesixhumi esibonakalayo sesekethe yokulawula kanye nesekhethi yokubonisa.
Bonisa uxhumano lweyunithi nokulawula
Ingxenye yesekethe yesibonisi ixhunywe nembobo ye-16 pin flat wire port yengxenye yesekethe yokulawula ngokusebenzisa imbobo yocingo oluyisicaba lwamaphini angu-16 (1), edlulisela imiyalelo nedatha yesilawuli esincane kusiboniso sesekethe ye-LED.I-16 pin flat wire (2) isetshenziselwa ukukhipha izikrini zokubonisa eziningi.Uxhumo lwayo ngokuyisisekelo lufana nembobo ye-16 pin flat wire port (1), kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isiphetho sayo esingu-R sixhunywe ekugcineni kwe-DS yesishiyagalombili engu-74H595 ukusuka kwesokunxele kuye kwesokudla kuMfanekiso 2, Lapho iphuma, izoba exhunywe ochungechungeni ngekhebula eliyisicaba lephinikhodi elingu-16 (1) lembobo yesikrini esilandelayo sokubonisa (njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1).I-CLK iyitheminali yesignali yewashi, i-STR iyitheminali yelashi yomugqa, R iyitheminali yedatha, G (GND) kanye ne-LOE amatheminali avumela ukukhanya komugqa, futhi A, B, C, D amatheminali akhethiwe.Imisebenzi ethize yembobo ngayinye imi kanje: A, B, C, D amatheminali okukhetha imigqa, asetshenziselwa ukulawula ukuthunyelwa okuthile kwedatha kusuka kukhompyutha engenhla kuya kumugqa oqokiwe kuphaneli yokubonisa, futhi R idatha. i-terminal, eyamukela idatha edluliswa i-microcontroller.Ukulandelana kokusebenza kweyunithi yokubonisa ye-LED kungokulandelayo: ngemva kokuba isiginali yewashi ye-CLK ithola idatha ku-terminal ye-R, isifunda sokulawula ngesandla sinikeza i-pulse edge ekhuphukayo, futhi i-STR isemgqeni wedatha (16 × 4) Ngemuva kokuthi yonke idatha engama-64 idlulisiwe, umkhawulo okhuphukayo we-pulse unikezwa ukuxhuma idatha;I-LOE isethwe ku-1 yi-microcontroller ukuze kukhanye umugqa.Umdwebo wohlelo lwesekethe yesibonisi uboniswa kuMfanekiso 3.
Umklamo we-modular
Izimoto ze-Metro zinezidingo ezihlukene zokubonisa okuholwa kwangaphakathi ngokusho kwesimo sangempela, ngakho-ke sikucabangele ngokugcwele lokhu lapho siklama isifunda, okungukuthi, ngaphansi kwesimo sokuqinisekisa ukuthi imisebenzi eyinhloko nezakhiwo zihlala zingashintshiwe, amamojula athile angashintshwa.Lesi sakhiwo senza isifunda sokulawula i-LED sibe nokunwebeka okuhle nokusebenziseka kalula.
Imojuli yokushisa nomswakama
Ezindaweni ezishisayo nezinemvula eningizimu, nakuba kunesimo sezulu esishisayo esihlala njalo emotweni, umswakama nawo uyinkomba ebalulekile abagibeli abayikhathalelayo.Imojula yezinga lokushisa nokuswakama eklanywe yithi inomsebenzi wokulinganisa izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama.Imodyuli yokushisa kanye nemodyuli yokushisa nomswakama ine-interface yesokhethi efanayo, kokubili okuyizakhiwo zebhasi eyodwa futhi zilawulwa yi-P1.4 port, ngakho-ke kulula ukuyishintsha.I-HIH3610 iyinzwa emithathu edidiyelwe yomswakamo ephuma nogesi ekhiqizwa yi-Honeywell Company.I-DS2438 iyi-10 bit A/D converter ene-interface yokuxhumana yebhasi eyodwa.I-chip iqukethe inzwa yokushisa yedijithali enokulungiswa okuphezulu, engasetshenziselwa ukunxeshezelwa kwezinzwa zomswakama.
485 ibhasi yokwandisa module
Njengebhasi elivuthiwe nelishibhile, ibhasi elingu-485 linendawo engenakushintshwa emkhakheni wezimboni kanye nenkundla yethrafikhi.Ngakho-ke, siklame imojula yokwandisa amabhasi angu-485, engangena esikhundleni semojula yokuqala ye-CAN yokuxhumana kwangaphandle.Imojula isebenzisa i-MAXIM's photoelectric isolation MXL1535E njenge-transceiver engu-485.Ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kokulawula, kokubili i-MXL1535E ne-SJA1000 zikhethwa nge-P3.0.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlukaniswa kukagesi okungu-2500VRMS kunikezwa phakathi kohlangothi lwe-RS2485 nesilawuli noma uhlangothi lwe-logic yokulawula nge-transformer.Isekethe ye-TVS diode yengezwa engxenyeni ephumayo yemojula ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphazamiseka kokukhuphuka komugqa.Ama-Jumpers angasetshenziswa futhi ukunquma ukuthi alayishe yini ukumelana nesikhumulo sebhasi.
I-software design
Isofthiwe yesistimu yakhiwe isofthiwe yokuphatha ikhompuyutha ephezulu kanye nesofthiwe yesilawuli seyunithi.Isofthiwe yokuphatha ikhompuyutha ephezulu ithuthukiswa endaweni yokusebenza ye-Windows22000 kusetshenziswa i-C++BUILD6.0, okuhlanganisa ukukhetha kwemodi yokubonisa (okuhlanganisa i-static, flashing, ukuskrola, ukuthayipha, njll.), ukukhetha indlela yokuskrola (okuhlanganisa ukuskrola phezulu naphansi kanye kwesokunxele kanye ukuskrola kwesokudla), ukulungiswa kwesivinini sokubonisa okuguquguqukayo (okungukuthi imvamisa ekhanyayo yombhalo, isivinini sokuskrola, isivinini sokuthayipha sokuthayipha, njll.), okokufaka kokubonisa okuqukethwe, ukubuka kuqala kwesibonisi, njll.
Uma isistimu isebenza, isistimu ayikwazi ukubonisa kuphela izinhlamvu ezifana nesimemezelo sesiteshi kanye nokukhangisa ngokuya ngezilungiselelo ezisethiwe, kodwa futhi ifaka ngesandla izinhlamvu ezidingekayo zokubonisa.Isofthiwe yokulawula yesilawuli seyunithi ihlelwe yi-KEILC ye-8051 futhi yaqiniswa ku-EEPROM yekhompyutha ye-chip eyodwa engu-77E58.Ngokuyinhloko iqedela ukuxhumana phakathi kwamakhompyutha aphezulu naphansi, ukutholwa kwedatha lokushisa kanye nomswakama, isilawuli se-interface ye-I/O neminye imisebenzi.Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwangempela, ukunemba kokulinganisa izinga lokushisa kufinyelela ku-± 0.5 ℃ futhi ukunemba kwesilinganiso somswakama kufinyelela ku-± 2% RH.
Isiphetho
Leli phepha lethula umbono wokuklama wesikrini esibonisiwe se-LED esingaphansi komhlaba ongaphakathi endlini kusukela ezicini zedizayini ye-hardware schematic diagram, ukwakheka komqondo, umdwebo webhulokhi lokuqamba, njll. Ngokuklanywa kwemojula yesixhumi esibonakalayo sebhasi kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo semojuli yezinga lokushisa, isikrini sokubonisa se-LED sangaphakathi singakwazi ijwayelana nezidingo zezindawo ezahlukahlukene, futhi inokunwebeka okuhle nokuguquguquka.Ngemva kokuhlolwa okuningi, isikrini sokubonisa esiholwa ngaphakathi siye sasetshenziswa ohlelweni olusha lolwazi lwabagibeli lwe-metro yasekhaya, futhi umphumela muhle.Umkhuba ufakazela ukuthi isikrini sokubonisa singakuqedela kahle ukubonisa okumile kwezinhlamvu zesiShayina kanye nemifanekiso nezibonisi ezihlukahlukene eziguqukayo, futhi sinezici zokukhanya okuphezulu, okungacwayizi, ukulawula okunengqondo okulula, njll., esihlangabezana ngokugcwele nezimfuneko zokubonisa zezimoto ezingaphansi komhlaba. okweIzikrini ze-LED.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-16-2022